美国代写:马克思主义与国际关系

by | 1-Feb-2023 | 美国代写

美国代写:马克思主义与国际关系。马克思主义的大部分兴趣集中在资本主义社会中工人问题如何影响或被影响的理论方面。然而,世界的变化和国际关系的动态并不总是遵循马克思主义所呈现的革命路线(Teschke, 2003)。为了更好地评价这一论点,有必要引入马克思的时代思想。然此外,马克思主义在理解全球民族国家及其相互作用方面也没有得到动态应用。接下来美国代写专家将对马克思主义与国际关系进行以下分析。

马克思认为历史是一个时代的序列,每个时代都建立在生产方式的基础上。通过革命,可以达到下一个时代。共产主义的实现取决于资本主义如何发展”(Buecker, 2003, p. 53)。马克思认为,社会主义革命的结果是共产主义的最终状态,只有在资本主义扩散之后才会发生,这样,资本主义虽然不受欢迎,但却为社会主义革命和新共产主义创造了一条道路。马克思认为,资产阶级民主革命和无产阶级革命或共产主义革命是改变和使民族国家进入新秩序的关键。这是一场政治社会革命,带来了工人阶级的统一和解放。当代国际关系理论并不总是依赖这些方面进行解放。例如,考虑那些有压迫的情况。然后采取军事行动,以保护人权。军事和其他国际干预的发生是为了保护人类,并不是所有的变化都是内部革命的结果。

在理解世界各国如何相互作用和相互加强的背景下,马克思主义不足以解释它们之间的相互作用。并非所有的事情都围绕着资本主义的蔓延和向共产主义发展的革命。马克思主义理论家试图将一切与资本主义联系起来,这实际上是该理论关于资本主义的问题之一。

人们一再试图将国际政治的理论动态与不断变化的资本主义结构联系起来。并非所有的国际活动都必须与资本主义相联系,这一点在马克思主义及其不断发展的理论中没有得到承认。马克思主义更多地关注民族国家之间的行动是如何由于资本主义议程而成为先驱者的。事实上,民族国家经常沉迷于有关如何确定彼此的互利的谈判和活动。

当今世界确实存在资本主义议程和逐利倾向,但这种谈判并非国际关系的唯一基础。马克思主义理论家广泛关注如何将国际环境的变化与资本主义联系起来,而在这样做的过程中,他们未能认识到新的趋势和全球环境的变化性质。国际关系理论更善于解释这些变化,因此马克思主义确实受到了影响,因为它无论如何都试图与资本主义联系起来,从而变得无关紧要。此外,马克思主义总是被期望能引发一场革命。

马克思主义一直依赖与资本主义的联系。它以一场革命的猜想结束,一场反对资本主义的社会主义革命。这是一种在当代已经用尽的思维方式。大多数国际关系理论都支持各国在互利互动中走到一起以实现和平。一些理论,如现实主义,甚至拒绝和平的概念。马克思主义依赖于发生在国内的革命,既不接受也不拒绝民族国家的和平概念。在这样的背景下,马克思主义确实是正统的。任何传统、宗教、意识形态或哲学,如果非常正统,不包括一定程度的灵活性,就无法生存,这是在应用一些理论时已经理解的事实。马克思主义没有评价事物的政治多元性,这在本质上是这一理论的缺陷。

“Marx thought of history as a sequence of epochs that are at a time founded on a mode of production. Through revolution, the next epoch can be attained. The realization of communism is dependent upon how capitalism develops” (Buecker, 2003, p. 53). According to Marx, the end state of communism which happens as a result of socialist revolution will take place only after capitalism spreads, and in this way, capitalism although undesirable creates a way for the socialist revolution and new communism. Marx believes that the bourgeois democratic revolution and the proletarian or communistic revolution are key to change and bring the nation states to a new order. This is a political social revolution that brings a unification of the working class and emancipates them. Contemporary IR theories do not always rely on these aspects for emancipation. As an example, consider those situations where there are oppressions. Military action is then taken in order to protect human rights. Military and other international intervention happen in order to protect humans, and not all changes happen as a result of revolution that starts internally.

In such contexts of understanding how worldly nations interact and strengthen one another, Marxism is not adequate to explain their interactions. Not everything revolves around the spread of capitalism and revolutions towards communism. Marxist theorists attempting to connect everything with capitalism is in fact one of the issues of the theory with respect to IR.

Repeated attempts were made to link the theoretical dynamics of international politics with the changing structures of capitalism. Not all international activities have to connect with capitalism and this was not recognized in Marxism and its growing theories. Marxism focused more on how actions between nation states were pioneers because of capitalistic agendas. It is indeed a fact that nation states are often indulged in negotiation and activities pertaining to how mutual benefit could be identified for one another.

A capitalistic agenda and profit seeking tendency does exist in current times, but such negotiations are not the only basis for international relations. Marxists theorists focused extensively on how to connect changes in international environment to capitalism and in doing so failed to recognize newer trends and the changing nature of the global environment. IR theories are better at explaining these changes, and hence Marxism does suffer as it becomes irrelevant because of its attempt to connect back with capitalism at any rate. Marxism furthermore was always expected to create a revolution.

An association with capitalism is something Marxism always relied on. It ends with the conjecture of a revolution, a socialist revolution against capitalism. This is a mode of thought that has been exhausted in contemporary times. Most IR theories support nations coming together in mutually beneficial interactions for attaining peace. Some theories like Realism even reject the notion of peace. Marxism relies on revolutions happening internally and neither accepts nor rejects the notion of peace in nation states. In such context, Marxism indeed is orthodox. Any tradition, religion, ideology or philosophy that is very orthodox and does not include an amount of flexibility cannot survive and this is a fact that has been understood in application of some theories. The political multiplicity of things has not been evaluated in Marxism and this in essence is a drawback for the theory.

以上内容就是美国代写专家对马克思主义与国际关系的分析。如果同学们没有足够的时间来完成论文作业,论文代写推荐选择美国论文代写Assignment First服务公司。因为我们公司拥有专业资质的论文代写专家团队,一直以适中的论文代写价格和优质的服务,赢得广大留学生的称赞。除此之外,还为留学生提供专业的assignment代写、essay代写毕业论文代写等服务,如果留学生需要论文代写方面的帮助,扫描右侧二维码表询问客服人员,我们将会耐心热情的为您答疑解惑。

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