THE VALUE CHAIN DEFINED
Some thought about the linkages between activities: These linkages are crucial for corporate success. The linkages are flows of information, goods and services, as well as systems and processes for adjusting activities. Their importance is best illustrated with some simple examples:
Only if the Marketing & Sales function delivers sales forecasts for the next period to all other departments in time and in reliable accuracy, procurement will be able to order the necessary material for the correct date. And only if procurement does a good job and forwards order information to inbound logistics, only than operations will be able to schedule production in a way that guarantees the delivery of products in a timely and effective manner – as pre-determined by marketing.
In the outcome, the linkages are almost un-seamed cooperation and data stream between the value chain activities.
John Shank and V. Govindarajan (1993) depict the value chain in wider terms than sets Porter. They express that “the value chain for whatsoever business firm is the value-creating actions the whole way from primary staple sources from component part providers by to the eventual end-use product deported into the ultimate consumer’s reaches.” This description considers the business firm as function of an general chain of value-creating actions. Reported to Shank and Govindarajan, the manufacture value chain begins with the value-creating operations of providers, who supply the primary staples and component part*. It carries on with the value-creating operations of assorted categories of vendees or end-use consumers, and culminates in the disposition and reusing of materials.
定义价值链
关于活动之间的联系，这些联系的一些思考：企业的成功是至关重要的。该机构的信息流，商品和服务，以及用于调节活动的系统和过程。其重要性是一些简单的例子来说明：
如果营销和销售职能提供销售预测的时间和精度可靠的所有其他部门下一期，采购将能够以正确的日期的必要材料。只有当采购工作干得不错，远期订单信息，物流，只比操作将能够安排生产的方式，保证了产品的交货的及时和有效的方式——预先确定的营销。
结果，联合国机构和数据几乎缝合作价值链活动之间的流。
约翰柄和V.戈文达拉扬（1993）描述了价值链的更广泛的比上集波特。他们表示：“无论企业价值链的价值创造活动是从原纤维来源的组成部分提供全程的最终成品驱逐到最终消费者的到达。”这说明考虑企业的价值创造行为一般链功能。据报道，小腿和Govindarajan，生产价值链的开始创造价值的业务提供商，谁供应的主要主食和组成部分*。它以价值创造的买方或最终使用不同类别消费者业务，并最终在配置和重复使用的材料。
